Defense of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in cyberspace requires an understanding of the threats the alliance must face, knowing where it must act, and ensuring that the alliance has the capabilities and
capacity available to successfully defend itself. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has expanded its reach not only in terms of membership and partners, but also in terms of its operations. As a globally engaged organization, NATO must be prepared to address cyber threats that emanate from anywhere in the world. Truly integrating cyber operations into the alliance requires broadly educating the members of the alliance on operations in cyberspace; cyber operational planning, training, and exercises to create the “muscle memory” necessary; and rigorously assessing lessons learned as they emerge.
